Side-by-side comparison
Pick up to 4 cities. Best value in each row is highlighted.
+ Amsterdam+ Barcelona+ Berlin✓ Copenhagen+ Hamburg+ Lisbon✓ Madrid+ Munich✓ Paris✓ Porto+ Vienna+ Warsaw
● sourced · ● placeholdercountry-level / regional = not city-specific
| Metric | Copenhagen | Madrid | Porto | Paris |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost & housing | ||||
| ●Rent, 1-bed in the centre€ / month | €1,740 / mo | €1,360 / mo | €1,150 / mo | €1,410 / mo |
| ●Price levelEU average = 100country-level | 143 | 91 | 85 | 108 |
| Lifestyle | ||||
| ●Sunshinehours / year | 1,780 h / yr | 2,769 h / yr | 2,468 h / yr | 1,673 h / yr |
| ●Air pollution (PM2.5)µg/m³ | 7 µg/m³ | 11 µg/m³ | 12 µg/m³ | 11 µg/m³ |
| ●Happy with green spaces% of residents | 88% | 69% | 15% | 78% |
| ●Happy with public transport% of residents | 79% | 74% | 62% | 66% |
| ●Feel safe walking at night% of residents | 87% | 69% | 74% | 65% |
| Opportunity | ||||
| ●Unemployment%regional | 6.8% | 8.0% | 6.3% | 8.8% |
| ●Household income€ / year, net, per personregional | €29,600 | €22,600 | €13,800 | €29,600 |
| ●Job growth% / yearregional | 1.2% | 3.0% | 1.6% | 0.2% |
| ●English proficiencyEF EPI scorecountry-level | 615 | 540 | 605 | 541 |
| ●Internet speedMbps median fixed broadbandcountry-level | 275 Mbps | 230 Mbps | 200 Mbps | 290 Mbps |
| Taxes | ||||
| ●Income tax + social security% of gross, single earner on the average wagecountry-level | 36% | 22% | 27% | 28% |
| ●VAT (standard rate)%country-level | 25% | 21% | 23% | 20% |