Side-by-side comparison
Pick up to 4 cities. Best value in each row is highlighted.
✓ Amsterdam+ Barcelona+ Berlin+ Copenhagen+ Hamburg+ Lisbon✓ Madrid+ Munich+ Paris+ Porto+ Vienna+ Warsaw
● sourced · ● placeholdercountry-level / regional = not city-specific
| Metric | Madrid | Amsterdam |
|---|---|---|
| Cost & housing | ||
| ●Rent, 1-bed in the centre€ / month | €1,360 / mo | €2,270 / mo |
| ●Price levelEU average = 100country-level | 91 | 121 |
| Lifestyle | ||
| ●Sunshinehours / year | 2,769 h / yr | 1,662 h / yr |
| ●Air pollution (PM2.5)µg/m³ | 11 µg/m³ | 11 µg/m³ |
| ●Happy with green spaces% of residents | 69% | 85% |
| ●Happy with public transport% of residents | 74% | 81% |
| ●Feel safe walking at night% of residents | 69% | 77% |
| Opportunity | ||
| ●Unemployment%regional | 8.0% | 3.8% |
| ●Household income€ / year, net, per personregional | €22,600 | €28,000 |
| ●Job growth% / yearregional | 3.0% | 1.2% |
| ●English proficiencyEF EPI scorecountry-level | 540 | 647 |
| ●Internet speedMbps median fixed broadbandcountry-level | 230 Mbps | 175 Mbps |
| Taxes | ||
| ●Income tax + social security% of gross, single earner on the average wagecountry-level | 22% | 28% |
| ●VAT (standard rate)%country-level | 21% | 21% |