Side-by-side comparison
Pick up to 4 cities. Best value in each row is highlighted.
+ Amsterdam+ Barcelona✓ Berlin+ Copenhagen+ Hamburg+ Lisbon✓ Madrid+ Munich✓ Paris+ Porto+ Vienna+ Warsaw
● sourced · ● placeholdercountry-level / regional = not city-specific
| Metric | Madrid | Berlin | Paris |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cost & housing | |||
| ●Rent, 1-bed in the centre€ / month | €1,360 / mo | €1,340 / mo | €1,410 / mo |
| ●Price levelEU average = 100country-level | 91 | 109 | 108 |
| Lifestyle | |||
| ●Sunshinehours / year | 2,769 h / yr | 1,626 h / yr | 1,673 h / yr |
| ●Air pollution (PM2.5)µg/m³ | 11 µg/m³ | 9 µg/m³ | 11 µg/m³ |
| ●Happy with green spaces% of residents | 69% | 87% | 78% |
| ●Happy with public transport% of residents | 74% | 80% | 66% |
| ●Feel safe walking at night% of residents | 69% | 59% | 65% |
| Opportunity | |||
| ●Unemployment%regional | 8.0% | 6.5% | 8.8% |
| ●Household income€ / year, net, per personregional | €22,600 | €26,400 | €29,600 |
| ●Job growth% / yearregional | 3.0% | -0.6% | 0.2% |
| ●English proficiencyEF EPI scorecountry-level | 540 | 613 | 541 |
| ●Internet speedMbps median fixed broadbandcountry-level | 230 Mbps | 135 Mbps | 290 Mbps |
| Taxes | |||
| ●Income tax + social security% of gross, single earner on the average wagecountry-level | 22% | 37% | 28% |
| ●VAT (standard rate)%country-level | 21% | 19% | 20% |