Side-by-side comparison
Pick up to 4 cities. Best value in each row is highlighted.
+ Amsterdam+ Barcelona+ Berlin✓ Copenhagen+ Hamburg+ Lisbon✓ Madrid+ Munich+ Paris✓ Porto+ Vienna✓ Warsaw
● sourced · ● placeholdercountry-level / regional = not city-specific
| Metric | Porto | Copenhagen | Warsaw | Madrid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost & housing | ||||
| ●Rent, 1-bed in the centre€ / month | €1,150 / mo | €1,740 / mo | €1,080 / mo | €1,360 / mo |
| ●Price levelEU average = 100country-level | 85 | 143 | 70 | 91 |
| Lifestyle | ||||
| ●Sunshinehours / year | 2,468 h / yr | 1,780 h / yr | 1,571 h / yr | 2,769 h / yr |
| ●Air pollution (PM2.5)µg/m³ | 12 µg/m³ | 7 µg/m³ | 21 µg/m³ | 11 µg/m³ |
| ●Happy with green spaces% of residents | 15% | 88% | 82% | 69% |
| ●Happy with public transport% of residents | 62% | 79% | 80% | 74% |
| ●Feel safe walking at night% of residents | 74% | 87% | 77% | 69% |
| Opportunity | ||||
| ●Unemployment%regional | 6.3% | 6.8% | 2.1% | 8.0% |
| ●Household income€ / year, net, per personregional | €13,800 | €29,600 | €15,300 | €22,600 |
| ●Job growth% / yearregional | 1.6% | 1.2% | 1.5% | 3.0% |
| ●English proficiencyEF EPI scorecountry-level | 605 | 615 | 598 | 540 |
| ●Internet speedMbps median fixed broadbandcountry-level | 200 Mbps | 275 Mbps | 185 Mbps | 230 Mbps |
| Taxes | ||||
| ●Income tax + social security% of gross, single earner on the average wagecountry-level | 27% | 36% | 24% | 22% |
| ●VAT (standard rate)%country-level | 23% | 25% | 23% | 21% |